Chapter 32 Exam

2. In 1851, Hong Xiuquan proclaimed his own dynasty, the Taiping tianguo, which meant
A. "Expel the Barbarians."
B. "Brilliant as the Sun."
C. "Son of Heaven."
D. "Return of the Holy."
E. "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace."
3. The most significant territorial loss for the Ottomans was
A. Egypt.
B. Serbia.
C. Istanbul.
D. Greece.
E. Anatolia.
4. Muhammad Ali was
A. the most powerful leader of the Safavid dynasty.
B. the last powerful Ottoman sultan.
C. the founder of the Young Turks movement.
D. the Ottoman ruler who tried to strengthen the empire while simultaneously crushing liberal reform.
E. the Egyptian leader who overthrew Ottoman control.
5. The capitulations were unfair trading agreements between the western Europeans and the
A. Qing dynasty.
B. Tokugawa bakufu.
C. Latin American nations.
D. Ottomans.
E. Russians.
6. Which of the following statement is not true about the capitulations?
A. They allowed for the establishment of tax-exempt banks and commercial enterprises.
B. They were imposed on the Ottomans by the Europeans.
C. They permitted foreign governments to levy duties on goods.
D. They were imposed on the Europeans by the Ottomans.
E. They exempted European visitors from Ottoman laws.
7. In the early nineteenth century, the Ottoman Sultan Selim III
A. was able to finally destroy the power of the Janissaries.
B. started the Young Turks movement.
C. was locked up by the Janissaries because they considered his reforms a threat.
D. was the leading figure in the Tanzimat era.
E. converted to Christianity in an effort to appease the Europeans.
8. What was the name of the Sultan who, in 1826, had mutinous Janissaries slaughtered and thus opened the door for further reform within the Ottoman Empire?
A. Mahmud II
B. Selim III
C. Abd al-Hamid
D. Abu Bakr
E. Mehmed V Rashid
9. Which of the following is not a reform proposed in the Tanzimat era?
A. educational reform
B. equality under the law for all Ottoman subjects
C. a democracy as the governmental model for the empire
D. a new penal code
E. a new commercial code
10. The Young Ottomans were
A. a later, more tolerant political reincarnation of the Young Turks.
B. fiercely opposed to the Tanzimat reforms.
C. proponents of a smaller but more efficient Turkish empire.
D. the leading supporters of the Tanzimat reforms.
E. religious mystics who viewed the Ottoman empire as an abomination in the eyes of Allah.
11. Sultan Abdul Hamid II
A. poured money into a ship-building race with the British.
B. ruled despotically but also followed Tanzimat principles.
C. was forcibly placed in power by the Young Turks Party.
D. carefully nurtured the development of the Turkish parliament.
E. won the last great Ottoman Turkish military victory by recapturing Greece.
12. Which of the following was not one of the leading principles of the Young Turks?
A. universal suffrage
B. emancipation of women
C. equality before the law
D. Islam as the guiding principle in public life
E. free public education
13. Which of the following Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire?
A. Turkish as the official language of the empire
B. free public education
C. emancipation of women
D. equality before the law
E. universal suffrage
14. The stipulation, "In order to obtain for Ottoman citizens an education of a homogeneous and uniform character, the official schools will be open, their instruction will be free, and all nationalities will be admitted," is from what document?
A. the sharia
B. the personal Promulgations of Sultan Abd al-Hamid II
C. the Law Code of Suleyman the Magnificent
D. the Turkish Constitution of 1722
E. The Proclamation of the Young Turks
15. Which of the following accounts for beginning of the social reform movement in Russia in the nineteenth century?
A. massive peasant rebellions
B. military defeats
C. a resurgence of the principles of the eighteenth century Enlightenment
D. diplomatic pressure on the part of the United States
E. all of the choices are correct
16. A defeat in the Crimean War stopped expansion by the
A. Russians.
B. French.
C. Ottoman's.
D. Qing.
E. Tokugawa.
17. The key to social reform in Russia was
A. the establishment of universal suffrage.
B. the emancipation of the serfs.
C. possessing the leading educational system in Europe.
D. the final attainment of equality for women.
E. the abolition of slavery.
18. The Russian serfs were emancipated by
A. Nicholas II.
B. Catherine the Great.
C. Peter the Great.
D. Alexander II.
E. Ivan III.
19. The emancipation of the Russian serfs
A. marked Russia's passage to total democracy.
B. resulted in little if any increase in agricultural production.
C. brought complete political equality for the Russian peasant.
D. resulted in an explosion in agricultural production.
E. meant that the peasants received free land as a compensation for centuries of semislavery.
20. As part of the Russian reforms, during the reign of Alexander II the government created zemstvos,
A. which were elected district assemblies.
B. which were advanced artillery divisions based on a German model.
C. which was the first functioning representative assembly in Russian history.
D. which served as a constitutional limitation on the power of the tsar.
E. which were efficient, technologically advanced factories.
21. The prime mover behind Russian industrialization was
A. Alexander II.
B. Nicholas II.
C. Avvakum.
D. Sergei Witte.
E. the zemstvos.
22. The centerpiece of Sergei Witte's Russian industrial policy was
A. his plan to emancipate the serfs.
B. his attempt to copy the rapid industrialization carried out by the Japanese.
C. his plan to fund the construction of large factories initially with money made from exporting opium.
D. a massive program of railway construction.
E. cooperative trading and intellectual exchange programs with the United States.
23. The working conditions of the growing Russian industrial class in St. Petersburg and Moscow
A. were the best in Europe at the time.
B. improved dramatically after the passage in 1897 of a law establishing an eight-hour work day.
C. were terrible and left the workers receptive to revolutionary propaganda.
D. were much better than their earlier English and French counterparts had been.
E. improved when their main economic competitors, the serfs, became an unfree class in 1861.
24. Tsar Alexander II was assassinated in 1881 by
A. Gavrilo Princip.
B. an agent of Lenin's Bolshevik Party.
C. an agent of the Land and Freedom Party.
D. a spy from the Ottoman government.
E. an assassin hired by the Japanese government.
25. After the assassination of Alexander II, his successor Nicholas II
A. actively carried on Alexander's reforms.
B. was an even greater proponent of change and pushed for true democratic reform.
C. issued an edict that categorically declared the peasants to be serfs.
D. championed oppression and police control.
E. gave in to Bolshevik pressure and instituted a communist regime.
26. The decisive factor in the Russo-Japanese War was
A. the destruction of the majority of the Russian navy in battle with the Japanese.
B. the Chinese support for the Japanese.
C. the failure of the main Russian ally, the United States, to enter the war.
D. the industrial superiority of the Russian armed forces.
E. the Russian surprise attack on the Japanese navy at Tokyo.
27. The 1905 Bloody Sunday massacre eventually
A. led to the collapse of the Qing dynasty in China.
B. resulted in the abdication of Ottoman Sultan Abd al-Hamid and the rise of the Young Turks.
C. led to the establishment of the Duma in Russia.
D. led to communist regimes in both Russia and China.
E. cleared the way for the Meiji Restoration.
28. Lin Zexu
A. was the driving force behind the Meiji Restoration.
B. was the last Qing emperor in China.
C. was in charge of stopping the opium trade in China.
D. was a leader of the Self-Strengthening Movement.
E. was the leader of the Taiping Rebellion.
29. The decisive point in the Opium War was
A. the British threat to the Grand Canal.
B. the arrival of an American fleet to aid the British.
C. a surprise British attack on the Chinese fleet at Port Arthur.
D. the overwhelming numbers of Chinese forces as they, although outgunned, overran British outposts.
E. a sudden reversal by China's erstwhile ally, the Japanese.
30. The Opium War ended with the signing of the Treaty of
A. Paris.
B. London.
C. Beijing.
D. Guangzhou.
E. Nanjing.
31. Who wrote, "As months accumulate and years pass by, the poison they have produced increases in its wicked intensity, and its repugnant odor reaches as high as the sky"?
A. Alexander II
B. Hong Xiuquan
C. Ito Hirobumi
D. Abd al-Hamid
E. Lin Zexu
32. Which of the following was not a rebellion that threatened China in the nineteenth century?
A. Taiping
B. Tungan
C. Mongol
D. Muslim
E. Nian
33. Which of the following was not one of the principles of the Taiping Rebellion?
A. the creation of communal wealth to be shared according to need
B. Hong Xuiquan's belief that he was the reincarnation of the Buddha
C. the prohibition of footbinding and concubinage
D. abolition of private property
E. free public education
34. The Self-Strengthening Movement was an attempt to blend indigenous cultural traditions with western technology in
A. Korea.
B. the Ottoman empire.
C. Russia.
D. Japan.
E. China.
35. For most of the last fifty years of the Qing dynasty, China was ruled by
A. Puyi.
B. Liang Qichao.
C. Cixi.
D. Ito Hirobumi.
E. Hong Xiuquan.
36. By the end of the nineteenth century, the only thing keeping China from being completely divided up into spheres of influence by foreigners was
A. distrust among the foreign powers.
B. the European respect for Chinese intellectual and cultural superiority.
C. the British stipulation in the Treaty of Nanjing that China remain a unified and sovereign nation.
D. a Franco-British manifesto to support China as a block to further Russian expansion.
E. Japanese support based on centuries of admiration for Chinese culture.
37. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao were the leaders of the
A. Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists.
B. Hundred Days Reforms.
C. Chinese Communist Party.
D. Taiping Rebellion.
E. Meiji Restoration.
38. In 1900, foreign embassies in China were besieged by
A. the Taiping Rebellion.
B. the Hundred Days Reformers.
C. Chinese military forces as part of the Opium War.
D. the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists.
E. a Japanese army invasion.
39. Japan was forcibly opened to foreign trade in 1853 by the
A. Americans.
B. British.
C. French.
D. Chinese.
E. Dutch.
40. The Meiji reformers actively copied the western Europeans and Americans because
A. the Chinese refused to share their technology with the Japanese.
B. they understood the danger of those two groups and wanted to find a way to avoid commercial and/or imperial domination by either one.
C. of their desire to make Japan a democratic republic.
D. those lands had always treated the Japanese with equality and respect.
E. Japan had already been divided up into spheres of influence and they wanted to find a way to push the Europeans and Americans out.
41. Which one of the following leaders played a major role in the Meiji Restoration?
A. Kang Youwei
B. Hong Xuiquan
C. Mizuno Tadakuni
D. Ito Hirobumi
E. Liang Qichao
42. Which of the following was not one of the foundations of the Meiji Restoration?
A. abolishing the old feudal order
B. turning Japan into a constitutional republic
C. improving the Japanese educational system
D. revamping the tax system
E. reorganizing the Japanese army and navy
43. The event that best displayed Japan's rise to the level of a world power was their victory in the
A. Opium War.
B. Sino-Japanese War.
C. Crimean War.
D. Russo-Japanese War.
E. Taiping War.

CHAPTER 31 TEST QUESTIONS

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The term manifest destiny is associated with what country?
a. United States
b. Great Britain
c. Japan
d. Germany
e. Russia
(p. 849)

2. In 1803, the United States doubled in size after the Louisiana territory was purchased from
a. Mexico.
b. Spain.
c. Canada.
d. Great Britain.
e. France.
(p. 849)

3. The Ghost Dance movement related to
a. an apocryphal vision of the Chinese Taiping Rebellion.
b. An armed Indian uprising that freed Utah from US control
c. Argentine gauchos and their romantic attachment to the land.
d. the Japanese nationalist concerns in the Meiji Restoration.
e. an American Indian religious vision of an afterlife in which all white peoples disappeared.
(p. 850)

4. The main spark for the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1845 was the United States acceptance of the new state of
a. New Mexico.
b. Missouri.
c. Arizona.
d. California.
e. A state that is not on this list
(p. 850)

5. Which of the following was not a policy of the US government towards Native Americans during this chapter?
A. Removing reservations from communal control
B. Forced assimilation including forced schooling
C. Enslaving them to replace freed African Americans
D. Encouraging Native Americans to “act” white
E. All of the following were US government policies

6. Slavery was reinvigorated in the United States after the rise of what cash crop?
a. tobacco
b. indigo
c. rice
d. wheat
e. cotton
(p. 851)

7. The victory of the northern states in the U.S. Civil War meant that
a. there would no longer be sectional differences.
b. African-Americans would enjoy complete equality.
c. the federal government would remain small.
d. racism would no longer be a problem in the United States.
e. the federal government would have greater authority in the American republic.
(p. 853)

8. The War of 1812
a. cost Canada almost a third of their territory.
b. split the country along ethnic lines.
c. split the country along religious lines.
d. led to a Canadian-U.S. alliance against Great Britain.
e. stimulated a new sense of Canadian unity against an external threat.
(p. 853)

9. The U.S. invasion of Canada in the War of 1812
a. allowed for the Americas to claim the Dakotas, Idaho, and Montana.
b. ensured that Quebec would remain independent from the rest of Canada.
c. was the key event in ensuring the American victory over the British.
d. was repelled.
e. resulted in a humiliating defeat for the Canadians and long-standing hatred of the U.S.
(p. 854)

11. In the new Latin American countries,
a. the franchise was quickly extended to every adult male.
b. women had greater political rights than in the United States.
c. there were none of the struggles with indigenous populations that marked U.S. history.
d. creole elites dominated and blocked mass participation in politics.
e. the leaders routinely made the mistake of backing Canada in its war with the United States.
(p. 855)

12. Emiliano Zapata was
a. a caudillo who dominated Argentina in the 1840s.
b. a Mexican agrarian rebel who fought for the goals of La Reforma.
c. the “Machiavelli of the pampas.”
d. Miyamoto Musashi
e. the president of Mexico in the 1920s.
(p. 859)

13. In terms of the industrial development of the United States in the late nineteenth century, the most important economic development was
a. the introduction of the steam engine.
b. the introduction of the factory system.
c. the rise of trade unions.
d. the construction of railroad lines that linked all U.S. regions.
e. the vast increase in the merchant marine fleet for overseas commerce.
(p. 862)

14. After the conclusion of the American Civil War, freed blacks
a. achieved economic and political equality with whites.
b. received enough grants of land to become substantial economic competitors to the white population.
c. flocked to take advantage of the Back to Africa program.
d. quickly lost their political and civil liberties in the South.
e. almost unanimously migrated to the west in pursuit of economic opportunity.
(p. 869)

15. Which of the following land acquisitions by the US is in correct chronological order?
A. California, Louisiana, Texas
B. California, Texas, Louisiana
C. Louisiana, California, Texas
D. Louisiana, Texas, California
E. None of the above are in correct order

16. Which of the following is the major route for the largest and longest Canadian railroad track?
A. North to South
B. East to West
C. North to South East
D. North to South West
E. All of the above

17. What do Zapata and Poncho Villa have in common?
A. They both were caudillos in South America
B. They were both Presidents of Mexico
C. Zapata was from the south ( Sur) and Villa was from the North ( Norte)
D. Both of them were executed by the same firing squad
E. They both had lower class upbringings

39. The lines, “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal,” come from the
a. Declaration of Sentiments of the Seneca Falls Convention. *
b. Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.
c. Declaration of Independence.
d. Mary Wollstonecraft’s The Vindication of the Rights of Women.
e. the Canadian Constitution.
(p. 869)

40. In 1908, the United States government ordered a complete halt to migration from
a. Ireland.
b. Italy.
c. Russia.
d. Japan. *
e. India.
(p. 870)

41. Louis Riel was the leader of the
a. caudillos.
b. métis. *
c. zambos.
d. gauchos.
e. golondrinas.
(p. 870)

42. The Northwest Rebellion was led by
a. Louis Riel. *
b. Jefferson Davis.
c. Jourdan Anderson.
d. John Macdonald.
e. Porfirio Díaz.
(p. 872)

43. Argentine president Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, in his book Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism, proposed that
a. the life of the gaucho was the true life of Argentina because it expressed the will of the common
people.
b. Argentines had to tap into the primordial energy of the countryside.
c. Argentina was a unique mixture of American civilization and European vitality.
d. Buenos Aires and its European connection was necessary to discipline the unruly countryside. *
e. Argentina would only reach the level of civilization when it was politically united with the United States.
(p. 873)

44. The great epic poem that expressed the life of the gaucho and lamented its decline was
a. Song of Myself.
b. To Be Born a Man.
c. The Trail of the Gaucho.
d. The Gaucho Martín Fierro. *
e. The Endless Sky.
(p. 899)

thanks

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